Compound of the carbazole group



Patented Sept. 4, 1934 PATENT OFFICE 1,972,232 COMPOUND on THE CARBAZOLE GROUP Richard Michel, Crefeld, Germany, assignor to K. G. FalrbenindustrieAktiengesellschaft, Frankfort-on-the-ltlfain, Germany, a corporation of Germany No Drawing. Original application December 3,

1928, Serial No. 323,573. Divided and this application March 18, 1930, Serial No. 436,893. InGermany December 1, 1927 7 Claims. (01. 260-946) The invention relates to new condensation products from olefines and compounds of the carbazole group and to a process of making the same.

I have found that carbazole and the halogeated and/ or partially hydrogenated derivatives there,- of readily react with olefines in the presenceof catalytically acting substances to, form alkylderivatives or higher condensation products thereof.

Among the catalytically acting substances which have been found effective in uniting olefineswith the said compounds of the carbazolegroup are metallic halides particularly aluminium chloride and iron chloride, addition compounds of, say, aluminium halides and olefines and hydrosilicates of large surfacafsuch as fullers earth, Florida earth, etc. With either of these catalysts there may be combined also other substances capable of promoting the reaction, such as, for example, benzene hydrocarbons and halogen acids.

The action of olefines upon carb azole is further promoted by causing the components to interact in the presence of an inert solvent viz. a solvent which reacts neither with the catalyst used nor the olefine or carbazole. Suitable solvents of this kind are, for example, petroleum ether, petroleum benzine, parafiin oil, or comple ely hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, such as hexahydrobenzene, hexahydrotoluene, dekahydronaphthalene and the like.

For effecting the condensation of olefines with compounds of the carbazole group it is not necessary to use the former in a pure or very concentrated state; the reaction may be effected with gaseous mixtures containing olefines, such as, for example, the gaseous mixtures resulting from cracking operations, oil gas, and the like.

The conditions of temperature and pressure for carrying out my process may vary within certain limits and depend on the catalyst used. Generally the higher homologues of ethylene, such as propylene, butylene, hexylene, etc., and cyclic olefines, such as cyclohexene, will more readily react than ethylene. The condensation will already take place at atmospheric pressure but advantageously it is accelerated by the application of superatmospheric pressure. The. temperature of reaction is found to lie above C.

and in particular between 100 and 200 C. the most favorable results are obtained.

The resulting products are alkylated carbazoles or, by more inten ified action, higher condensation products thereof. According to the relative proportions of the olefine and compounds of the carbozole group one or more moles of olefine combine with the compound of the carbazole group to form monoor polyalkylated derivatives or higher condensation products of oily or resinous nature. Those alkyl derivatives wherein some of the alkyl groups contain more than one carbon atom, as well as all the higher condensation products have not been hitherto known.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples but not restricted thereto. The parts are by weight.

Example 1 In an. autoclave 334 parts of carbazole and 35-parts of fullers-earth (previously treated with a mineral acid, for example, hydrochloric acid,

"and driedzat about 100 C.) are stirred with propylene gas under a pressure of about 15 atmospheres and at a temperature of about 150 C., until an increase in weight of 130 parts is attained. The hot reaction product is filtered and. distilled under 1 mm. pressure (mercury gauge). Besides some unchanged carbazole there is obtained an odorless nearly colorless soft resinous body boiling from 216 to 2&8" C. at a pressure of 1 mm. (mercury gauge).

Exampie 2 334 parts of carbazole and 1'7 parts of anhydrous aluminium chloride are stirred with propylene gas under a pressure of about 12 at mospheres and at a temperature of from 9-0 to 100 C. until 240 parts of propylene have been absorbed. The reaction product is washed with water and distilled under 1 mm. pressure (mercury gauge); a clear colorless soft resin is obtained.

Example 3 334 parts of carbazole suspended in 400 parts of dekahydronaphthalene and 16 parts of anhydrous aluminium chloride are stirred with propylene gas under atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of about 100 C., until in the course of about 3 hours an increase in weight of about 160 parts is attained. After washing with water, besides some unchanged carbazole, a clear light colored resin is obtained boiling from 210 to 220 C. under a pressure of 1 mm. mercury. The resin may be regarded as a diisopropyl carbazole or a polymer thereof. Analysis gives the following results:

Cfouncl 86,17% C calculated 86,05

H (found) 8,84% 1 H calculatedu, 8,36

Nfoun'd 5,48% N calculated 5,56

Molecular weight found 251, calculated 251.

Example 4 334 parts of carbazole, 400'partsof dekahydronaphthalene and 35 parts of ,fullersearthrare stirred with propylene gas under .a :pressureof about 15 atmospheres and at a temperature of from 130 to 150 C., until an increase in weight of about 250 parts is attained. After washing with water and distilling oil the dekahydronaphthalene, distillation under f1 ,mm. pressure (mercury gauge) yields a clear colorless .rresin similar to that obtained in Example 2.

In the following claims the generic term compound of .ihe carbasole series is used to denote compounds of the group consisting of carbazole, the homologues,thehalogenated and/ or partially hydrogenated. derivatives thereofginsofar as they are able to react with olefines under the conditions described and claimed to form alkylated derivatives which contain'the carbazole nucleus at least once.

Thisapplicationis a division of my copending application Ser. No. 323,573, filed December 3, 1928, now'matured in'the US. Patent 1;916;'629.

I claim: 7

l. The process which comprises reacting with an clefine upon a compound of the oarbazole series in the presence .of a catalytically acting metallic ihalide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride and ironrchloride, and at a temperature of atleast 50 C. to about 200 'C.

2. The process which comprises reacting with an =olerine upon ;a compound of the carbazole series in the presence 'of a :catalyticallyacting metallic halide selectediirom the gronp consisting of aluminum chloride and iron chloride :and for an organic solvent inert to the substances participating in the reaction, and at a temperature of at least 50 C. to about 200 C.

3. The process which comprises reacting with an olefine upon a compound of the carbazole series in the presence of a catalytically acting metallic halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum-chloride and ironichloride, and at. a temperature of :at least 50C. .to about'200 v(3., and under at least normal atmospheric pressure.

4. The process which comprises reacting with a higher homologue of ethylene upon carbazole in the presence or" a catalytically acting metallic halide selected fromthe group consisting of aluminum chloride and iron chloride and of an or- .ganic solvent inert to the substances participating .inthereaction, and at a temperature of from about 100 C. to about 200 C. and under at least normal atmospheric pressure.

1,5. process'which comprises reacting with prflpylene wuponcarbazole in the presence of a lcatalyticallyacting metallic halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride and iron chloride and of an organic solvent inert to the substances participating in the reaction, and at 'aitemperature'of ffromabout 100 C. to about 200 C. and under at least normal atmospheric pressure.

6. The ,process which comprises stirring 334 partsiof carbazoleandfll'parts of anhydrous aluminurn-chloridewith propylene-gas under a pressure of :a'bout :12 atmospheres and at a temperature'offfrom'90ro"l 0'0'C.,'until'240 parts of propylene have.been absorbed 'washing the :reaction productwith'water anddistilling-it under 1mm.

pressure. v

"7. The process which comprises stirringia-mixture M334 parts "of carbazole, 400 parts of deka- "hydronaphthalene .and 16 parts of anhydrous aluminum chloridewith propylene gas under atmosphericpressure and atiaitemperature oiabont 100 *C. until in the courseoi about three hours an increase inweight of about160 parts is attamed, :washing the reaction product with. water and subjectingit'to adistillation under a pressure of 1mm RICHARD MICHEL. 

